Spring Cloud Gateway

Keep the gateway an edge adapter. Do not move domain workflows into filters.

Compatibility and dependencies

• Use the latest Spring Cloud 2025.1.x release train for Spring Boot 4.
• Boot 4.1 support starts with Spring Cloud 2025.1.2.
• Import spring-cloud-dependencies as a BOM and omit versions from individual Cloud dependencies.
• Choose exactly one gateway runtime.

<!-- Reactive Netty gateway -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway-server-webflux</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!-- OR servlet gateway: spring-cloud-starter-gateway-server-webmvc -->

Do not use the old spring-cloud-starter-gateway coordinate or force a Boot 3 release train onto Boot 4. WebFlux requires Reactor Netty and cannot run as a traditional servlet WAR; Web MVC uses a servlet runtime and WebMvc.fn.

Gateway 5 configuration namespaces

Gateway 5 separates server implementations in configuration:

• WebFlux: spring.cloud.gateway.server.webflux.*
• Web MVC: spring.cloud.gateway.server.webmvc.*

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      server:
        webflux:
          httpclient:
            connect-timeout: 2000
            response-timeout: 5s
          routes:
            - id: orders-api
              uri: http://orders.internal
              predicates:
                - Path=/api/orders/**
              filters:
                - RemoveRequestHeader=X-User-Id

The Boot 3-era spring.cloud.gateway.routes and spring.cloud.gateway.httpclient paths do not bind to Gateway 5's WebFlux server properties.

Route and security rules

• Use stable route IDs and explicit predicates.
• Remove client-provided forwarding, identity, and internal headers before creating trusted values.
• Keep path and host rewriting visible and covered by tests.
• Authenticate at the edge and authorize again in downstream services.
• Relay tokens only to services with the intended audience.
• Rate-limit by authenticated identity or a verified API key, not an untrusted address header.
• Set global connection and response timeouts with narrow route overrides.
• Retry only proven idempotent operations and only before response commitment.
• Keep fallbacks bounded and expose sustained upstream failure.

Testing and operations

• Test predicates, filters, trusted headers, CORS, timeouts, body limits, and status mapping.
• Use a controlled upstream server rather than mocking gateway internals.
• Record route ID, outcome, latency, and upstream failure with bounded metric tags.
• Test each selected runtime with its matching Spring Cloud Gateway test support.

Examples

• examples/good-routes.yml shows Gateway 5 WebFlux configuration.
• examples/good-webmvc-routes.yml shows Gateway 5 Web MVC configuration.
• examples/bad-routes.yml preserves the stale configuration as a warning.

Official sources

• Spring Cloud compatibility: https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud/
• Gateway WebFlux starter: https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-gateway/reference/spring-cloud-gateway-server-webflux/starter.html
• Gateway Web MVC starter: https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-gateway/reference/spring-cloud-gateway-server-webmvc/starter.html
• Gateway configuration properties: https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-gateway/reference/configprops.html

Gotchas

• Agent uses spring.cloud.gateway.routes on Gateway 5 - use the server-specific namespace.
• Agent uses spring-cloud-starter-gateway on Boot 4 - select the WebFlux or Web MVC server starter.
• Agent selects a Cloud train without checking the exact Boot line - use the compatibility matrix.
• Agent trusts a public identity header - derive identity after authentication.
• Agent retries POST requests automatically - retry only proven idempotent operations.
• Agent puts business orchestration in filters - keep domain logic downstream.
• Agent omits response timeouts - stalled upstreams can exhaust resources.

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      # Stale Gateway 4 namespace; Gateway 5 requires server.webflux or server.webmvc.
      routes:
        - id: everything
          uri: http://orders.internal
          predicates:
            - Path=/**
          filters:
            - Retry=10

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      server:
        webflux:
          httpclient:
            connect-timeout: 2000
            response-timeout: 5s
          routes:
            - id: orders-api
              uri: http://orders.internal
              predicates:
                - Path=/api/orders/**
              filters:
                - RemoveRequestHeader=X-User-Id

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      server:
        webmvc:
          routes:
            - id: orders-api
              uri: http://orders.internal
              predicates:
                - Path=/api/orders/**
              filters:
                - RemoveRequestHeader=X-User-Id

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